Tháng 5/2021 vừa chứng kiến một loại đề Writing Task 1 mới khiến các thí sinh phải “khóc thét” bởi độ độc lạ của nó: đề về 3 chiếc cầu.
The three pictures below show three different kinds of bridges. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
Model answer 1
The diagrams illustrate the design of three types of bridge.
Overall, the arch bridge is built to connect two sides of a lake, so it is the shortest in terms of both length and height. While the concrete girder bridge can cater for the longest spans (as long as there are enough piers), the suspension bridge is suitable for connecting towns, cities or islands over the ocean.
Regarding the arch bridge, its maximum length is 200m, and it can be up to 100m tall (from the bed of the lake), which only allows small ships to go through. This kind of bridge has two piers forming a semi-circular shape, with the roadway running parallel with the surface of the water.
Turning next to the concrete girder bridge, this design is suitable for bridging two banks of a certain river. Since there are piers – whose distance from one pair to the next must be under 200m – to support the pressure of vehicles and the weight of the bridge itself, its extent is unlimited. The tallest pillars are under 300m, so the girder bridge caters for medium-sized ships.
Finally, the distance between the two towers of the suspension bridge is from 400 to 2000m. It is of note that these piers are used to hang main cables with multiple suspender cables attached to the deck of the bridge to carry the weight of vehicles and the bridge. In addition, this structure is built in the sea and is tall enough to allow large vessels to pass through.
Nguồn: Kiên Luyện
Model answer 2
The given diagrams ilustrate the designs of three different types of bridges.
Overall, it is evident that while the arch bridge can only allow the smallest-sized ships to pass through, the suspension one is capable of catering for the largest ships. In addition, with its unlimited length, the concrete girder one can be the longest of all the given sorts of bridge.
With regard to the arch bridge, its maximum height is 100 meters and its span normally does not exceed 200 meters. This kind of bridge is constructed across a lake, has the shape of a curved arch and can allow for the passage of small ships.
It is apparent that the length of the concrete girder bridge is unrestricted since this is dependent on the quantity of piers used to support the deck. The distance between each pair of piers is under 200 meters. The bridge is built to link two banks of a river and is up to 200 meters tall from the river bed so it can cater for medium-sized ships.
Finally, the suspension bridge is typically erected over a very deep sea and has two large piers attached to shallow land at each end. Its span can range from 400 to 2000 meters and the bridge is built tall enough to enable large vessels to travel through safely.
Nguồn: Trường Tây
Model answer 3
The pictures compare the distinctive architectural and structural designs of three variations of bridge. Clearly, the number of piers as well as the allowed mode of maritime transportation of each bridge type varies, depending upon the topographical features of the sites.
To start with, the arch bridge, shaped as an upward curved arch, is a solid concrete block with no piers across the lake, whereas the concrete girder bridge, which vaults over the river, has a changeable number of pillars being proportional to the desirable length. Meanwhile, the suspension bridge is constructed with only two big and sturdy piers rooted into underwater cliffs near the sea port.
Concerning the technical requirements, these bridge designs hold striking differences. First, the arch bridge, with a limited length of 200 meters, has its abutments anchored to either side of a lake, whilst the concrete girder bridge has its columns positioned at a maximum distance of 200 meters from each other, making the suspension bridge the one with the longest span of up to 2000 meters. In addition, the overhead clearance makes them strictly exclusive to certain types of transport. Specifically, this figure for the arch bridge and the concrete girder bridge is 100 meters and 300 meters, respectively, so that small-sized and middle-sized ships can safely sail under them. Noticeably, the water level at the place where a suspension bridge is erected, usually very deep, helps to accommodate the operation of large-sized ships.
(240 words)
Nguồn: Nguyễn Phương Thúy
Model answer 4
Overall, the design of the bridges differs in terms of their height and the use of piers. Each type is most suitable for specific locations, such as lakes, rivers and seas.
The arch bridge is constructed to cross small waterways such as lakes, and it has a maximum span of 200 meters. Its height of no more than 100 meters only permits small ships to sail under it. In contrast, the concrete girder bridge is built using piers, which cannot be more than 200 meters apart. However, there is no limit to the number of piers that can be used to cross larger bodies of water, such as wide river. Medium-sized ships can pass under this type of bridge, which may be 300 meters in height.
Finally, at sea, suspension bridges enable large ships to sail under them, because of the deep water which they span. The piers can be spaced between 400 and 2000 meters apart- depending on the topography – up to 10 times the distance between piers of the concrete girder bridge or the arches of the arch bridge
(193 words)
Nguồn: Ngoc Bach
